Communication breakdowns are frustrating – both for speaker and listener. They can be dangerous in an emergency or crisis. Following are some tips on how to communicate with people who have hearing, speech and cognitive-language impairments.
To Hear and Be Heard
Reduce background noise or move to quieter location
Be sure your face is adequately lit
Face the person directly when speaking
Move closer to the person and speak at his/her eye level
Keep your face and mouth visible—don’t turn your head or cover your mouth
Only person should speak at a time
To Be Understood
Use simple words
Use short sentences
Slow down your speech slightly
Speak slightly louder but don’t shout or exaggerate mouth movements
Use an assistive listening device if available
Give the person a cue when changing subjects—give key words for new topic (e.g., say “parking” before describing parking locations)
To Be Sure You Understand Each Other
Indicate when you can’t understand—ask speaker to repeat or rephrase
Maintain eye contact
Verify information:
Repeat back what you think was said or pointed to
Ask a question to see if you are understood
Ask Yes/No questions that allow a headshake response
Rephrase—use other words with the same meaning
Write down information or key words
To Assist Communication
Use written notes and information
Provide maps and listings of services
Use meaningful gestures and eye contact
Use an alphabet board or picture pointing aids
Other Tips
Ask how you can help
Talk to the person, not to the interpreter or companion
Be patient
Treat the person with dignity and respect
Most people can communicate if you give them the opportunity
Let the person know by your manner and actions that you are listening
Sister Kenny Rehabilitation Institute
800 E. 28th St.
Minneapolis, MN 55407
612-863-4200 or toll free 866-880-3550
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